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Martin M-130 China Clipper. U.S. Navy transport for the Manhattan Project. In early 1930s, Pan Am requested for a flying boat with capability that could fly across the ocean. Martin's bid of Model-130 was successful. In 1934, three M-130 were built as Martin Ocean Transports, but to the public thay were all referred as the China Clipper. On November 1935, the China Clipper flew the first trans-Pacific airmail route. Their rang...
EWR VJ-101C German tilt-jet VTOL. In the late 1950's, the West Germany issued an requirement for the VTOL fighter, attack and transport aircrafts programme. The idea being that in case of Soviet attack, the VTOL would support dispersal of combat aircraft assets to small and easy concealed operation base. Heinkel submitted the configuration of the tiltjet fighter He.231, attracting interest of the German government. In 1959, He...
Lockheed XP-49 Successor to the P-38 Lightning. In 1939, the USAAC issued a contest for a twin-engine heavy interceptor aircraft that intended to use the new Pratt & Whitney X-1800 engine. Two proposals were accepted for prototypes construction as the Lockheed XP-49 and the Grumman XP-50. The XP-49 was very similar in visual appearance to the P-38. In fact the XP-49 was an entirely new design and engineering that featured a pr...
Ilyushin Il-102 LAST ONES!! SAVE 1/3RD!!! Ground attacker competed with Su-25. In 1967, the Soviet Air Forces drew up a specification for a armoured ground attack aircraft. While Sukhoi designed an all-new single seat Su-25, Ilyushin proposed a modified version of their Il-40 of 1953 under the designation Il-42, which unlike the Sukhoi was a two seat aircraft with a remotely controlled rear gun turret. The design was rejected ...
Grumman XP-50 Fore-runner of the F7F Tigercat. In 1939, the USAAC issued a contest for a twin-engine heavy interceptor aircraft. Two proposals were accepted for prototypes construction as the Lockheed XP-49 and the Grumman XP-50. The XP-50 was based on the Navy XF5F-1 Skyrocket carrier plane modified for a tricycle landing gear. This twin-motored land plane was of particular interest to the Army because of its air-cooled engin...
Yokosuka H5Y-1 Cherry IJN Type-99 flying boat. In 1934, the Imperial Japanese Navy issued requirement for a twin-engine maritime reconnaissance flying boat, which was intended to match the performance of contemporary four-engine flying boats, while being cheaper to build and easier to maintain. The 11th Naval Air Arsenal at Yokosuka was given the responsibility of design and building two prototypes, these being completed durin...
Boeing YC-14 Advanced medium STOL transport. In 1972, the U.S. Air Force issued the Advanced transport STOL transport program for a new medium airlifter that capable of operations into battle zones with short, temporary airfields. Two proposals were accepted for construction as the Boeing YC-14 and McDonnell-Douglas YC-15 prototypes. The Boeing design for STOL performance was based on the use of a supercritical wing, developed...
Boeing C-98 Clipper Allied leaders designate flight. In 1936, Pan Am requested for a flying boat with capability that could fly across the ocean. Boeing's bid of Model 314 Clipper was successful. Pan Am signed a contract for six Clippers. Boeing engineers used the wings of the cancelled XB-15 bomber on the flying boat body. The installation of new Wright Cyclone engines eliminated the lack of power that handicapped the XB-15. ...
Lockheed XST Have Blue. Stepping stone of the F-117A Nighthawk. In 1975, the USAF and DARPA initiated a XST program to study the concept of a very low observable military aircraft. DARPA penned the requirements for the ATA designs that was a small aircraft about the size of F-15. Northrop and Lockheed were asked to design a prototype. In early 1977, Lockheed won the contract for the construction of two 60-percent scale flyable...
Dassault_Mirage G8.01 French nuclear-armed swing wing fighter. In 1964, the French defense ministry requested a development program on variable-sweep wing aircraft for dual land and aircraft carrier use. An order for an experimental prototype was placed to Dassault in 1965. Dassault emerged the variable-sweep aircraft as the two-seat Mirage G4 fighter in 1967, essentially a swept wing version of the Mirage F.2. While the aircr...
McDonnell-Douglas KC-10A Extender. . During the Vietnam War and Arab-Israeli War, the U.S.A.F. C-141 and C-5 were forced to carry a fraction of their maximum payload on direct flights from the continental United States to Asia and Israel. The strategic airlift operations demonstrated the necessity of adequate air-refueling capability. The U.S. Department of Defense concluded that a more advanced tanker was needed. The 'Advance...
Fokker V-8 German 5-wing experimental fighter. In February 1917, the British Sopwith triplane began to appear over the Western Front. The Sopwith proved itself superior to the German Albatros biplane fighters. Anthony Fokker responded by his first triplane fighting machine, the Fokker Dr.I Triplane which developed from the V-6 prototypes. Compared to the Albatros and Pfalz fighters, the Dr.1 offered exceptional maneuverability...
North-American XA2J-1 Super Savage. Most powerful savage bomber. In 1945, after the first atomic bomb was dropped successfully, the U.S. Navy launched a program for a carrier-based attack aircraft that would be capable of delivering a atomic bomb. The North-American AJ Savage won a Phase 1 competition, a turbo-prop powered aircraft being phase 2, and the phase 3 was a larger jet-powered attack aircraft. In 1947, the Navy reque...
Yakovlev Yak-24 Horse. In 1965, the U.S. Army launched the Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS) program. The initial specification called for an aircraft able to carry a crew of three and eleven troops with the main goal of replacing the Bell UH-1 Huey. Requests for proposals were issued to the industries in 1972. All the designs proposed in response to the specification were required to use two G.E. turbo-shaft ...
Handley-Page HP.115. In the late 1950s, the United Kingdom, France, United States and Soviet Union were considering developing supersonic transport. BAC was largely funded by British government on the design called the Type 223. The T.223 was a thin-winged delta shape aircraft but the cost for starting construction was so high. British government required BAC to proceed with small-scale delta wing prototype testing before any ...
Consolidated B-32 Dominator. In 1939, the USAAF issued requirement for a Super bomber which could operate at high-speed, long-range, more bomb load and more defensive armament than the existing Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Consolidated B-24. In 1940, the Army issued contracts for preliminary design to four major aircraft companies, which were designated as Boeing XB-29, Lockheed XB-30, Douglas XB-31 and Consolidated XB-32. ...
Lockheed C-141B Starlifter McChord Air Force Base markings. In 1959, the U.S.A.F. issued a requirement for a jet powered, fast and strategic transport aircraft that would serve as a 'work horse' for rapidly moving U.S. Army troops anywhere in the world. Lockheed responded to the requirement with the Model 300 and was received contract for the aircraft to be designated C-141A. In practice, MAC found that the C-141A's cargo hold...
Lockheed C-141A In 1959, the U.S.A.F. issued a requirement for a jet powered, fast and strategic transport aircraft that would serve as a 'work horse' for rapidly moving U.S. Army troops anywhere in the world. Lockheed responded to the requirement with the Model 300 and was received contract for five test-aircraft to be designated C-141. Although operational testing continue, the Air Force needs due the involvement in South Vi...
McDonnell Blue Gemini. In 1961, after success of the Mercury spacecraft launch, NASA contracted McDonnell to design a larger two-man Mercury mark II for longer periods in orbit. This bigger spacecraft which soon renamed Gemini that require a larger launch vehicle, a Titan II missile. The Titan II was Air Force missile and naturally required close coordination with the Air Force. The Air Force was interested in the Gemini progr...
Martin Titan II/SM-68B ICBM. In 1955, while the first U.S. ICBM Atlas was developed, the U.S.A.F. served a backup in case the Atlas ran fail. It was decided to develop a complete second ICBM system. Martin was awarded a contract for this backup ICBM, designated XB-68/XSM-68 Titan I. Even as the first Titan I were rolling off the assembly line, the Air Force was searching for a way to improve the Titan I after the Soviet Sputni...
Boeing X-20 Dyna Soar. In 1945, millions of German military documents were confiscated by USAAF. One of the concept was the Sanger aerospace bomber. During post-war years, Bell was selected for the study on space-craft, and named BoMi. In 1956, the Air Force channeled Bell's development to a reconnaissance, bombardment vehicle. A competition for a glider prototype was opened. In 1959, Boeing won the competition, and was contra...
Douglas XF6D-1 Missileer. In 1957, the U.S. Navy began to plan a new concept for airborne fleet defense. A large subsonic interceptor with a powerful radar was to be equipped with very long range high speed air-to-air missiles to shoot down approaching Soviet strike aircraft and bombers. In 1958, Bendix and Grumman were selected as contractors for the AAM-N-10 Eagle missile. A year later the Douglas XF6D-1 Missileer design was...
Convair XA-41. In 1942, USAAF requested for a single-seat dive bomber design that powered by the new Pratt & Whitney XR4360 engine. The Vultee proposed their Model 90, and was awarded a contract for two prototypes, designated XA-41. After a mockup inspected in March 1943, the USAAF decided that it no longer needed dive bombers and changed the contract for a low-level ground attack aircraft instead. By this time, Vultee had mer...